PSG has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen different times.
Paris Saint-Germain required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive Trophee des Champions victory.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring early on.
However, Marseille struck two times late to seize a shock advantage. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a vital equaliser in the dying moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Traore.
From the spot, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after completing a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.